In addition to sensory perception, it is important for learners to perceive themselves and the perspectives of others in the curriculum, instructional materials, and media used in the learning environment. When learners are able to identify with perspectives and cultures portrayed in learning materials, it fosters a sense of validation, affirmation, and belonging. When learners never experience materials or references to which they can relate, they may feel a sense of subordination, as if their perspectives are less valid and appreciated within the learning environment. It is also important for learners to be exposed to the perspectives, identities, cultures, histories, and world views of others. Without exposure to other perspectives, learners may gain the false understanding that their lived experiences are universal for everyone or that others’ perspectives are less valid or valued.

• Incorporate a range of authors with various identities, including (but not limited to) gender, race, different abilities, nationality, and socio-economic background.
• Recognize the range of people, cultures, and histories that contribute to current understanding.
• Attend to the ways in which people and cultures are being portrayed.
• Challenge stereotypical or harmful portrayals of people and cultures.
• Seek authentic, complex portrayals of people, cultures, histories, and world views.
• Facilitate listening to diverse perspectives.